//! Synchronizes AI model metadata from OpenRouter into the local database.
//!
//! Flow:
//!   1. Use the configured `async_openai` client (with the real API key) to call
//!      `GET /models` — this returns only the models the current key can access.
//!   2. Fetch full metadata (pricing, context_length, capabilities) for those
//!      model IDs from OpenRouter's public `/api/v1/models` endpoint (no auth).
//!   3. Upsert provider / model / version / pricing / capability / profile
//!      records only for models the client can actually call.
//!
//! Usage: call `start_sync_task()` to launch a background task that syncs
//! immediately and then every 10 minutes. On app startup, run it once
//! eagerly before accepting traffic.

use async_openai::Client;
use async_openai::config::OpenAIConfig;
use async_openai::types::models::Model as OpenAiModel;
use slog::Logger;
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
use tokio::time::interval;
use tokio::time::sleep;

use crate::error::AppError;
use crate::AppService;
use chrono::Utc;
use db::database::AppDatabase;
use models::agents::model::Entity as ModelEntity;
use models::agents::model_capability::Entity as CapabilityEntity;
use models::agents::model_parameter_profile::Entity as ProfileEntity;
use models::agents::model_pricing::Entity as PricingEntity;
use models::agents::model_provider::Entity as ProviderEntity;
use models::agents::model_provider::Model as ProviderModel;
use models::agents::model_version::Entity as VersionEntity;
use models::agents::{CapabilityType, ModelCapability, ModelModality, ModelStatus};
use sea_orm::prelude::*;
use sea_orm::Set;
use serde::Deserialize;
use serde::Serialize;
use session::Session;
use utoipa::ToSchema;
use uuid::Uuid;

const OPENROUTER_URL: &str = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/models";

// OpenRouter API types -------------------------------------------------------

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
struct OpenRouterResponse {
    data: Vec<OpenRouterModel>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct OpenRouterModel {
    id: String,
    name: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    description: Option<String>,
    pricing: Option<OpenRouterPricing>,
    #[serde(default)]
    context_length: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(default)]
    architecture: Option<OpenRouterArchitecture>,
    #[serde(default)]
    top_provider: Option<OpenRouterTopProvider>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct OpenRouterPricing {
    prompt: String,
    completion: String,
    #[serde(default)]
    request: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    image: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    input_cache_read: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    input_cache_write: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    web_search: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    internal_reasoning: Option<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct OpenRouterArchitecture {
    #[serde(default)]
    modality: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    input_modalities: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    output_modalities: Option<Vec<String>>,
    #[serde(default)]
    tokenizer: Option<String>,
    #[serde(default)]
    instruct_type: Option<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct OpenRouterTopProvider {
    #[serde(default)]
    context_length: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(default)]
    max_completion_tokens: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(default)]
    is_moderated: Option<bool>,
}

/// Fallback model type used when the user's AI endpoint is NOT OpenRouter
/// (e.g. Bailian/MiniMax). OpenRouter has no metadata for these models,
/// so we sync them directly from the endpoint's own /models response.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct DirectModel {
    id: String,
    name: Option<String>,
    context_length: Option<u64>,
}

// Response type --------------------------------------------------------------

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, ToSchema)]
pub struct SyncModelsResponse {
    pub models_created: i64,
    pub models_updated: i64,
    pub versions_created: i64,
    pub pricing_created: i64,
    pub capabilities_created: i64,
    pub profiles_created: i64,
}

// Inference helpers ----------------------------------------------------------

fn infer_modality(name: &str, arch_modality: Option<&str>) -> ModelModality {
    if let Some(m) = arch_modality {
        let m = m.to_lowercase();
        if m.contains("text") || m.contains("chat") {
            return ModelModality::Text;
        }
        if m.contains("image") || m.contains("vision") {
            return ModelModality::Multimodal;
        }
        if m.contains("audio") || m.contains("speech") {
            return ModelModality::Audio;
        }
    }
    let lower = name.to_lowercase();
    if lower.contains("vision")
        || lower.contains("dall-e")
        || lower.contains("gpt-image")
        || lower.contains("gpt-4o")
    {
        ModelModality::Multimodal
    } else if lower.contains("embedding") {
        ModelModality::Text
    } else if lower.contains("whisper") || lower.contains("audio") {
        ModelModality::Audio
    } else {
        ModelModality::Text
    }
}

fn infer_capability(name: &str) -> ModelCapability {
    let lower = name.to_lowercase();
    if lower.contains("embedding") {
        ModelCapability::Embedding
    } else {
        ModelCapability::Chat
    }
}

fn infer_context_length(ctx: Option<u64>) -> i64 {
    ctx.map(|c| c as i64).unwrap_or(8_192)
}

fn infer_max_output(top_provider_max: Option<u64>) -> Option<i64> {
    top_provider_max.map(|v| v as i64)
}

fn infer_capability_list(arch: &OpenRouterArchitecture) -> Vec<(CapabilityType, bool)> {
    let mut caps = vec![(CapabilityType::FunctionCall, true)];
    if let Some(m) = &arch.modality {
        let m = m.to_lowercase();
        if m.contains("image") || m.contains("vision") {
            caps.push((CapabilityType::Vision, true));
        }
        if m.contains("text") || m.contains("chat") {
            caps.push((CapabilityType::ToolUse, true));
        }
    }
    caps
}

// Provider helpers -----------------------------------------------------------

fn extract_provider(model_id: &str) -> &str {
    model_id.split('/').next().unwrap_or("unknown")
}

fn normalize_provider_name(slug: &str) -> &'static str {
    match slug {
        "openai" => "openai",
        "anthropic" => "anthropic",
        "google" | "google-ai" => "google",
        "mistralai" => "mistral",
        "meta-llama" | "meta" => "meta",
        "deepseek" => "deepseek",
        "azure" | "azure-openai" => "azure",
        "x-ai" | "xai" => "xai",
        s => Box::leak(s.to_string().into_boxed_str()),
    }
}

fn provider_display_name(name: &str) -> String {
    match name {
        "openai" => "OpenAI".to_string(),
        "anthropic" => "Anthropic".to_string(),
        "google" => "Google DeepMind".to_string(),
        "mistral" => "Mistral AI".to_string(),
        "meta" => "Meta".to_string(),
        "deepseek" => "DeepSeek".to_string(),
        "azure" => "Microsoft Azure".to_string(),
        "xai" => "xAI".to_string(),
        s => s.to_string(),
    }
}

// Upsert helpers -------------------------------------------------------------

async fn upsert_provider(db: &AppDatabase, slug: &str) -> Result<ProviderModel, AppError> {
    let name = normalize_provider_name(slug);
    let display = provider_display_name(name);
    let now = Utc::now();

    use models::agents::model_provider::Column as PCol;
    if let Some(existing) = ProviderEntity::find()
        .filter(PCol::Name.eq(name))
        .one(db)
        .await?
    {
        let mut active: models::agents::model_provider::ActiveModel = existing.into();
        active.updated_at = Set(now);
        active.update(db).await?;
        Ok(ProviderEntity::find()
            .filter(PCol::Name.eq(name))
            .one(db)
            .await?
            .unwrap())
    } else {
        let active = models::agents::model_provider::ActiveModel {
            id: Set(Uuid::now_v7()),
            name: Set(name.to_string()),
            display_name: Set(display.to_string()),
            website: Set(None),
            status: Set(ModelStatus::Active.to_string()),
            created_at: Set(now),
            updated_at: Set(now),
        };
        active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)
    }
}

async fn upsert_model(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    provider_id: Uuid,
    model_id_str: &str,
    or_model: &OpenRouterModel,
) -> Result<(models::agents::model::Model, bool), AppError> {
    let now = Utc::now();
    let modality_str = or_model
        .architecture
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|a| a.modality.as_deref());
    let modality = infer_modality(model_id_str, modality_str);
    let capability = infer_capability(model_id_str);

    let context_length = infer_context_length(or_model.context_length);
    let max_output = infer_max_output(
        or_model
            .top_provider
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|p| p.max_completion_tokens),
    );

    use models::agents::model::Column as MCol;
    if let Some(existing) = ModelEntity::find()
        .filter(MCol::ProviderId.eq(provider_id))
        .filter(MCol::Name.eq(model_id_str))
        .one(db)
        .await?
    {
        let mut active: models::agents::model::ActiveModel = existing.clone().into();
        active.context_length = Set(context_length);
        active.max_output_tokens = Set(max_output);
        active.status = Set(ModelStatus::Active.to_string());
        active.updated_at = Set(now);
        active.update(db).await?;
        Ok((
            ModelEntity::find_by_id(existing.id).one(db).await?.unwrap(),
            false,
        ))
    } else {
        let active = models::agents::model::ActiveModel {
            id: Set(Uuid::now_v7()),
            provider_id: Set(provider_id),
            name: Set(model_id_str.to_string()),
            modality: Set(modality.to_string()),
            capability: Set(capability.to_string()),
            context_length: Set(context_length),
            max_output_tokens: Set(max_output),
            training_cutoff: Set(None),
            is_open_source: Set(false),
            status: Set(ModelStatus::Active.to_string()),
            created_at: Set(now),
            updated_at: Set(now),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let inserted = active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)?;
        Ok((inserted, true))
    }
}

/// Upsert a model directly from the user's AI endpoint response (no OpenRouter metadata).
/// Used as fallback when the endpoint is not OpenRouter-compatible.
async fn upsert_model_direct(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    provider_id: Uuid,
    model_id_str: &str,
    _name: Option<&str>,
    context_length: Option<u64>,
) -> Result<(models::agents::model::Model, bool), AppError> {
    let now = Utc::now();
    let modality = infer_modality(model_id_str, None);
    let capability = infer_capability(model_id_str);
    let ctx = infer_context_length(context_length);

    use models::agents::model::Column as MCol;
    if let Some(existing) = ModelEntity::find()
        .filter(MCol::ProviderId.eq(provider_id))
        .filter(MCol::Name.eq(model_id_str))
        .one(db)
        .await?
    {
        let mut active: models::agents::model::ActiveModel = existing.clone().into();
        active.context_length = Set(ctx);
        active.status = Set(ModelStatus::Active.to_string());
        active.updated_at = Set(now);
        active.update(db).await?;
        Ok((
            ModelEntity::find_by_id(existing.id).one(db).await?.unwrap(),
            false,
        ))
    } else {
        let active = models::agents::model::ActiveModel {
            id: Set(Uuid::now_v7()),
            provider_id: Set(provider_id),
            name: Set(model_id_str.to_string()),
            modality: Set(modality.to_string()),
            capability: Set(capability.to_string()),
            context_length: Set(ctx),
            max_output_tokens: Set(None),
            training_cutoff: Set(None),
            is_open_source: Set(false),
            status: Set(ModelStatus::Active.to_string()),
            created_at: Set(now),
            updated_at: Set(now),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let inserted = active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)?;
        Ok((inserted, true))
    }
}

async fn upsert_version(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    model_uuid: Uuid,
) -> Result<(models::agents::model_version::Model, bool), AppError> {
    use models::agents::model_version::Column as VCol;
    let now = Utc::now();
    if let Some(existing) = VersionEntity::find()
        .filter(VCol::ModelId.eq(model_uuid))
        .filter(VCol::IsDefault.eq(true))
        .one(db)
        .await?
    {
        Ok((existing, false))
    } else {
        let active = models::agents::model_version::ActiveModel {
            id: Set(Uuid::now_v7()),
            model_id: Set(model_uuid),
            version: Set("1".to_string()),
            release_date: Set(None),
            change_log: Set(None),
            is_default: Set(true),
            status: Set(ModelStatus::Active.to_string()),
            created_at: Set(now),
        };
        let inserted = active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)?;
        Ok((inserted, true))
    }
}

/// OpenRouter prices are per-million-tokens strings; convert to per-1k-tokens.
fn parse_price(s: &str) -> String {
    match s.parse::<f64>() {
        Ok(v) => format!("{:.6}", v / 1_000.0),
        Err(_) => "0.00".to_string(),
    }
}

async fn upsert_pricing(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    version_uuid: Uuid,
    pricing: Option<&OpenRouterPricing>,
) -> Result<bool, AppError> {
    use models::agents::model_pricing::Column as PCol;
    let existing = PricingEntity::find()
        .filter(PCol::ModelVersionId.eq(version_uuid))
        .one(db)
        .await?;
    if existing.is_some() {
        return Ok(false);
    }

    let (input_str, output_str) = if let Some(p) = pricing {
        (parse_price(&p.prompt), parse_price(&p.completion))
    } else {
        ("0.00".to_string(), "0.00".to_string())
    };

    let active = models::agents::model_pricing::ActiveModel {
        id: Set(Uuid::now_v7().as_u128() as i64),
        model_version_id: Set(version_uuid),
        input_price_per_1k_tokens: Set(input_str),
        output_price_per_1k_tokens: Set(output_str),
        currency: Set("USD".to_string()),
        effective_from: Set(Utc::now()),
    };
    active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)?;
    Ok(true)
}

async fn upsert_capabilities(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    version_uuid: Uuid,
    arch: Option<&OpenRouterArchitecture>,
) -> Result<i64, AppError> {
    use models::agents::model_capability::Column as CCol;
    let caps = infer_capability_list(
        arch.unwrap_or(&OpenRouterArchitecture {
            modality: None,
            input_modalities: None,
            output_modalities: None,
            tokenizer: None,
            instruct_type: None,
        }),
    );
    let now = Utc::now();
    let mut created = 0i64;

    for (cap_type, supported) in caps {
        let exists = CapabilityEntity::find()
            .filter(CCol::ModelVersionId.eq(version_uuid))
            .filter(CCol::Capability.eq(cap_type.to_string()))
            .one(db)
            .await?;
        if exists.is_some() {
            continue;
        }
        let active = models::agents::model_capability::ActiveModel {
            id: Set(Uuid::now_v7().as_u128() as i64),
            model_version_id: Set(version_uuid.as_u128() as i64),
            capability: Set(cap_type.to_string()),
            is_supported: Set(supported),
            created_at: Set(now),
        };
        active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)?;
        created += 1;
    }
    Ok(created)
}

async fn upsert_parameter_profile(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    version_uuid: Uuid,
    model_name: &str,
) -> Result<bool, AppError> {
    use models::agents::model_parameter_profile::Column as PCol;
    let existing = ProfileEntity::find()
        .filter(PCol::ModelVersionId.eq(version_uuid))
        .one(db)
        .await?;
    if existing.is_some() {
        return Ok(false);
    }

    let lower = model_name.to_lowercase();
    let (t_min, t_max) = if lower.contains("o1") || lower.contains("o3") {
        (1.0, 1.0)
    } else {
        (0.0, 2.0)
    };

    let active = models::agents::model_parameter_profile::ActiveModel {
        id: Set(Uuid::now_v7().as_u128() as i64),
        model_version_id: Set(version_uuid),
        temperature_min: Set(t_min),
        temperature_max: Set(t_max),
        top_p_min: Set(0.0),
        top_p_max: Set(1.0),
        frequency_penalty_supported: Set(true),
        presence_penalty_supported: Set(true),
    };
    active.insert(db).await.map_err(AppError::from)?;
    Ok(true)
}

/// Sync models directly from the user's AI endpoint when OpenRouter has no matching models.
/// This handles non-OpenRouter endpoints (e.g. Bailian, MiniMax) gracefully.
async fn sync_models_direct(
    db: &AppDatabase,
    log: &Logger,
    available_ids: &std::collections::HashSet<String>,
) -> SyncModelsResponse {
    slog::info!(
        log,
        "{}",
        format!(
            "sync_models_direct: {} models from endpoint (no OpenRouter metadata)",
            available_ids.len()
        )
    );

    let mut models_created = 0i64;
    let mut models_updated = 0i64;
    let mut versions_created = 0i64;
    let mut pricing_created = 0i64;
    let mut capabilities_created = 0i64;
    let mut profiles_created = 0i64;

    for model_id in available_ids {
        let provider_slug = extract_provider(model_id);
        let provider = match upsert_provider(db, provider_slug).await {
            Ok(p) => p,
            Err(e) => {
                slog::warn!(
                    log,
                    "{}",
                    format!(
                        "sync_models_direct: upsert_provider error provider={} {:?}",
                        provider_slug, e
                    )
                );
                continue;
            }
        };

        let (model_record, _is_new) =
            match upsert_model_direct(db, provider.id, model_id, None, None).await {
                Ok((m, n)) => {
                    if n {
                        models_created += 1;
                    } else {
                        models_updated += 1;
                    }
                    (m, n)
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    slog::warn!(
                        log,
                        "{}",
                        format!(
                            "sync_models_direct: upsert_model_direct error model={} {:?}",
                            model_id, e
                        )
                    );
                    continue;
                }
            };

        let (version_record, version_is_new) =
            match upsert_version(db, model_record.id).await {
                Ok(v) => v,
                Err(e) => {
                    slog::warn!(
                        log,
                        "{}",
                        format!(
                            "sync_models_direct: upsert_version error model={} {:?}",
                            model_id, e
                        )
                    );
                    continue;
                }
            };
        if version_is_new {
            versions_created += 1;
        }

        if upsert_pricing(db, version_record.id, None).await.unwrap_or(false) {
            pricing_created += 1;
        }

        capabilities_created +=
            upsert_capabilities(db, version_record.id, None).await.unwrap_or(0);

        if upsert_parameter_profile(db, version_record.id, model_id)
            .await
            .unwrap_or(false)
        {
            profiles_created += 1;
        }
    }

    slog::info!(
        log,
        "{}",
        format!(
            "sync_models_direct complete: matched={} created={} updated={} \
             versions={} pricing={} capabilities={} profiles={}",
            available_ids.len(),
            models_created,
            models_updated,
            versions_created,
            pricing_created,
            capabilities_created,
            profiles_created
        )
    );

    SyncModelsResponse {
        models_created,
        models_updated,
        versions_created,
        pricing_created,
        capabilities_created,
        profiles_created,
    }
}

// HTTP helpers ---------------------------------------------------------------

async fn fetch_openrouter_models(
    client: &reqwest::Client,
    log: &Logger,
) -> Result<OpenRouterResponse, String> {
    const MAX_RETRIES: u32 = 3;
    const BASE_DELAY_MS: u64 = 1_000;

    let mut attempt = 0;
    loop {
        attempt += 1;
        match client.get(OPENROUTER_URL).send().await {
            Ok(r) => {
                return match r.error_for_status() {
                    Ok(resp) => match resp.json::<OpenRouterResponse>().await {
                        Ok(root) => Ok(root),
                        Err(e) => Err(format!(
                            "failed to parse response after {} attempt(s): {}",
                            attempt, e
                        )),
                    },
                    Err(e) => Err(format!(
                        "HTTP status error after {} attempt(s): url={} status={}",
                        attempt,
                        e.url()
                            .map(|u| u.to_string())
                            .unwrap_or_else(|| OPENROUTER_URL.to_string()),
                        e
                    )),
                };
            }
            Err(e) => {
                let kind = if e.is_timeout() {
                    "timeout"
                } else if e.is_connect() {
                    "connect"
                } else {
                    "request"
                };
                let url = e
                    .url()
                    .map(|u| u.to_string())
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| OPENROUTER_URL.to_string());

                if attempt >= MAX_RETRIES {
                    return Err(format!(
                        "OpenRouter connection failed after {} attempt(s): [{}] url={} error={:?}",
                        attempt, kind, url, e
                    ));
                }
                let delay_ms = BASE_DELAY_MS * (1 << (attempt - 1));
                slog::warn!(
                    log,
                    "{}",
                    format!(
                        "OpenRouter connection attempt {}/{} failed: [{}] url={} error={:?}. retrying in {}ms",
                        attempt, MAX_RETRIES, kind, url, e, delay_ms
                    )
                );
                sleep(Duration::from_millis(delay_ms)).await;
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Build an async_openai Client from the AI config.
fn build_ai_client(config: &config::AppConfig) -> Result<Client<OpenAIConfig>, AppError> {
    let api_key = config
        .ai_api_key()
        .map_err(|e| AppError::InternalServerError(format!("AI API key not configured: {}", e)))?;

    let base_url = config
        .ai_basic_url()
        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "https://api.openai.com".into());

    let cfg = OpenAIConfig::new()
        .with_api_key(&api_key)
        .with_api_base(&base_url);

    Ok(Client::with_config(cfg))
}

impl AppService {
    /// Sync metadata for models that are accessible by the configured AI client.
    ///
    /// Steps:
    ///   1. Call `client.models().list()` to get the set of accessible model IDs.
    ///   2. Fetch full model list from OpenRouter's public `/api/v1/models` endpoint.
    ///   3. Keep only models whose ID appears in the accessible set, then upsert.
    pub async fn sync_upstream_models(
        &self,
        _ctx: &Session,
    ) -> Result<SyncModelsResponse, AppError> {
        // Step 1: list models the AI client can access.
        let ai_client = build_ai_client(&self.config)?;
        let available_ids: std::collections::HashSet<String> = ai_client
            .models()
            .list()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| {
                AppError::InternalServerError(format!(
                    "failed to list available models from AI endpoint: {}",
                    e
                ))
            })?
            .data
            .into_iter()
            .map(|m: OpenAiModel| m.id)
            .collect();

        slog::info!(
            self.logs,
            "{}",
            format!(
                "sync_upstream_models: {} accessible models found",
                available_ids.len()
            )
        );

        // Step 2: fetch OpenRouter metadata.
        let http_client = reqwest::Client::new();
        let or_resp: OpenRouterResponse = fetch_openrouter_models(&http_client, &self.logs)
            .await
            .map_err(AppError::InternalServerError)?;

        // Step 3: filter to only accessible models.
        let filtered: Vec<&OpenRouterModel> = or_resp
            .data
            .iter()
            .filter(|m| available_ids.contains(&m.id))
            .filter(|m| m.id != "openrouter/auto")
            .collect();

        let filtered_count = filtered.len();

        // Fallback: if no OpenRouter metadata matches, sync models directly from
        // the user's endpoint (handles Bailian/MiniMax and other non-OpenRouter providers).
        if filtered_count == 0 && !available_ids.is_empty() {
            slog::info!(
                self.logs,
                "{}",
                format!(
                    "sync_upstream_models: no OpenRouter matches, falling back to direct sync for {} models",
                    available_ids.len()
                )
            );
            return Ok(sync_models_direct(&self.db, &self.logs, &available_ids).await);
        }

        let mut models_created = 0i64;
        let mut models_updated = 0i64;
        let mut versions_created = 0i64;
        let mut pricing_created = 0i64;
        let mut capabilities_created = 0i64;
        let mut profiles_created = 0i64;

        for or_model in filtered {
            let provider_slug = extract_provider(&or_model.id);
            let provider = match upsert_provider(&self.db, provider_slug).await {
                Ok(p) => p,
                Err(e) => {
                    slog::warn!(
                        self.logs,
                        "{}",
                        format!(
                            "sync_upstream_models: upsert_provider error provider={} {:?}",
                            provider_slug, e
                        )
                    );
                    continue;
                }
            };

            let (model_record, _is_new) =
                match upsert_model(&self.db, provider.id, &or_model.id, or_model).await {
                    Ok((m, n)) => {
                        if n {
                            models_created += 1;
                        } else {
                            models_updated += 1;
                        }
                        (m, n)
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        slog::warn!(
                            self.logs,
                            "{}",
                            format!(
                                "sync_upstream_models: upsert_model error model={} {:?}",
                                or_model.id, e
                            )
                        );
                        continue;
                    }
                };

            let (version_record, version_is_new) =
                match upsert_version(&self.db, model_record.id).await {
                    Ok(v) => v,
                    Err(e) => {
                        slog::warn!(
                            self.logs,
                            "{}",
                            format!(
                                "sync_upstream_models: upsert_version error model={} {:?}",
                                or_model.id, e
                            )
                        );
                        continue;
                    }
                };
            if version_is_new {
                versions_created += 1;
            }

            if let Err(e) =
                upsert_pricing(&self.db, version_record.id, or_model.pricing.as_ref()).await
            {
                slog::warn!(
                    self.logs,
                    "{}",
                    format!(
                        "sync_upstream_models: upsert_pricing error model={} {:?}",
                        or_model.id, e
                    )
                );
            } else {
                pricing_created += 1;
            }

            capabilities_created +=
                upsert_capabilities(&self.db, version_record.id, or_model.architecture.as_ref())
                    .await
                    .unwrap_or(0);

            if upsert_parameter_profile(&self.db, version_record.id, &or_model.id)
                .await
                .unwrap_or(false)
            {
                profiles_created += 1;
            }
        }

        slog::info!(
            self.logs,
            "{}",
            format!(
                "sync_upstream_models: synced {} accessible models ({}/{} new/updated)",
                filtered_count,
                models_created,
                models_updated
            )
        );

        Ok(SyncModelsResponse {
            models_created,
            models_updated,
            versions_created,
            pricing_created,
            capabilities_created,
            profiles_created,
        })
    }

    /// Spawn a background task that syncs model metadata immediately
    /// and then every 10 minutes. Returns the `JoinHandle`.
    ///
    /// Failures are logged but do not stop the task — it keeps retrying.
    pub fn start_sync_task(self) -> JoinHandle<()> {
        let db = self.db.clone();
        let log = self.logs.clone();
        let ai_api_key = self.config.ai_api_key().ok();
        let ai_base_url = self.config.ai_basic_url().ok();

        tokio::spawn(async move {
            // Run once immediately on startup before taking traffic.
            Self::sync_once(&db, &log, ai_api_key.clone(), ai_base_url.clone()).await;

            let mut tick = interval(Duration::from_secs(60 * 10));
            loop {
                tick.tick().await;
                Self::sync_once(&db, &log, ai_api_key.clone(), ai_base_url.clone()).await;
            }
        })
    }

    /// Perform a single sync pass. Errors are logged and silently swallowed
    /// so the periodic task never stops.
    async fn sync_once(
        db: &AppDatabase,
        log: &Logger,
        ai_api_key: Option<String>,
        ai_base_url: Option<String>,
    ) {
        // Build AI client to list accessible models.
        let ai_client = match build_ai_client_from_parts(ai_api_key, ai_base_url) {
            Ok(c) => c,
            Err(msg) => {
                slog::warn!(log, "{}", format!("OpenRouter model sync: {}", msg));
                return;
            }
        };

        let available_ids: std::collections::HashSet<String> = match ai_client.models().list().await {
            Ok(resp) => resp.data.into_iter().map(|m: OpenAiModel| m.id).collect(),
            Err(e) => {
                slog::warn!(
                    log,
                    "{}",
                    format!("OpenRouter model sync: failed to list available models: {}", e)
                );
                return;
            }
        };

        let http_client = reqwest::Client::new();
        let or_resp = match fetch_openrouter_models(&http_client, log).await {
            Ok(r) => r,
            Err(msg) => {
                slog::warn!(log, "{}", format!("OpenRouter model sync: {}", msg));
                return;
            }
        };

        let filtered: Vec<&OpenRouterModel> = or_resp
            .data
            .iter()
            .filter(|m| available_ids.contains(&m.id))
            .filter(|m| m.id != "openrouter/auto")
            .collect();

        let filtered_count = filtered.len();

        // Fallback: if no OpenRouter metadata matches, sync models directly from
        // the user's endpoint (handles Bailian/MiniMax and other non-OpenRouter providers).
        if filtered_count == 0 && !available_ids.is_empty() {
            slog::info!(
                log,
                "{}",
                format!(
                    "OpenRouter model sync: no matches, falling back to direct sync for {} models",
                    available_ids.len()
                )
            );
            sync_models_direct(db, log, &available_ids).await;
            return;
        }

        let mut models_created = 0i64;
        let mut models_updated = 0i64;
        let mut versions_created = 0i64;
        let mut pricing_created = 0i64;
        let mut capabilities_created = 0i64;
        let mut profiles_created = 0i64;

        for or_model in filtered {
            let provider_slug = extract_provider(&or_model.id);
            let provider = match upsert_provider(db, provider_slug).await {
                Ok(p) => p,
                Err(e) => {
                    slog::warn!(
                        log,
                        "{}",
                        format!(
                            "OpenRouter model sync: upsert_provider error provider={} {:?}",
                            provider_slug, e
                        )
                    );
                    continue;
                }
            };

            let (model_record, _is_new) =
                match upsert_model(db, provider.id, &or_model.id, or_model).await {
                    Ok((m, true)) => {
                        models_created += 1;
                        (m, true)
                    }
                    Ok((m, false)) => {
                        models_updated += 1;
                        (m, false)
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        slog::warn!(
                            log,
                            "{}",
                            format!(
                                "OpenRouter model sync: upsert_model error model={} {:?}",
                                or_model.id, e
                            )
                        );
                        continue;
                    }
                };

            let (version_record, version_is_new) =
                match upsert_version(db, model_record.id).await {
                    Ok(v) => v,
                    Err(e) => {
                        slog::warn!(
                            log,
                            "{}",
                            format!(
                                "OpenRouter model sync: upsert_version error model={} {:?}",
                                or_model.id, e
                            )
                        );
                        continue;
                    }
                };
            if version_is_new {
                versions_created += 1;
            }

            if upsert_pricing(db, version_record.id, or_model.pricing.as_ref())
                .await
                .unwrap_or(false)
            {
                pricing_created += 1;
            }

            capabilities_created +=
                upsert_capabilities(db, version_record.id, or_model.architecture.as_ref())
                    .await
                    .unwrap_or(0);

            if upsert_parameter_profile(db, version_record.id, &or_model.id)
                .await
                .unwrap_or(false)
            {
                profiles_created += 1;
            }
        }

        slog::info!(
            log,
            "{}",
            format!(
                "OpenRouter model sync complete: matched={} created={} updated={} \
                 versions={} pricing={} capabilities={} profiles={}",
                filtered_count,
                models_created,
                models_updated,
                versions_created,
                pricing_created,
                capabilities_created,
                profiles_created
            )
        );
    }
}

/// Build an async_openai Client from raw API key and base URL (for background task).
fn build_ai_client_from_parts(
    api_key: Option<String>,
    base_url: Option<String>,
) -> Result<Client<OpenAIConfig>, String> {
    let api_key = api_key.ok_or_else(|| "AI API key not configured".to_string())?;

    let base_url = base_url.unwrap_or_else(|| "https://api.openai.com".into());

    let cfg = OpenAIConfig::new()
        .with_api_key(&api_key)
        .with_api_base(&base_url);

    Ok(Client::with_config(cfg))
}